What Are Walls Made Of? Comparing Interior and Exterior Materials

Walls are a fundamental part of any building, defining spaces and ensuring privacy and protection. Walls can be made of materials like drywall, plaster, bricks, and wood. Each material has its specific uses and benefits, from the durability of plaster to the simplicity and affordability of drywall.

You might be wondering why some walls feel different or why certain rooms stay cooler or warmer. This guide will break down the various materials used for interior and exterior walls, so you can make informed choices for your home.

Let's dive into the basics of what your walls are made of and how each material serves its purpose. By the end of this article, you'll have a clearer picture of what goes into your home's walls and why it matters.

Choosing the right materials can improve your home's structural integrity and insulation efficiency.

Key Takeaways

• Walls can be made from drywall, plaster, bricks, and wood. Each material has unique benefits, like drywall's affordability and plaster's durability.
• Interior walls typically use drywall or plaster for ease of installation. Exterior walls use bricks, blocks, or stones for durability and structural integrity.
• Use the tap test—hollow sounds for drywall, solid for brick or plaster. Inspect seams, cracks, and edges by removing socket covers or baseboards.
• Internal walls are non-load bearing and use materials like drywall or wood. External walls are load-bearing, using brick, stone, or concrete for support and insulation.
• Consider durability, appearance, cost, and maintenance. Exterior walls need weather-resistant materials; interior walls should be easy to install and accommodate utilities.

5 Ways on How To Identify Wall Materials

Identifying wall materials can help you understand the construction of your home and make informed decisions about renovation and maintenance.

1. Drywall

Drywall is the most common material in modern homes. It feels smooth to the touch and sounds hollow when tapped. Look for visible seams or nails.

2. Lath and Plaster

Common in old houses, lath and plaster consist of thin wooden strips coated with plaster. Look for small cracks and uneven surfaces.

3. Wood Paneling

Often used in mid-century homes, wood paneling has a distinctive, natural wood grain. Tap on the wall; it should sound solid if it's real wood.

4. Brick

Interior brick walls are rare but can be found in some homes. They are heavy, solid, and give off a slight echo when tapped.

5. Using a Stud Finder

Studs: These are the vertical wooden frames inside your walls. Use a stud finder to locate them. This can help identify if your walls have a cavity (common in drywall) or are solid (brick or plaster).

Important Tips

• Tap test: Lightly tap your wall. Hollow sounds often indicate drywall, while solid sounds point to materials like brick or plaster.
• Visible Inspection: Shine a flashlight at an angle to see surface imperfections. Plaster often has small cracks; drywall has seams or nails.
• Check edges: Remove a socket cover plate or baseboard to get a better look at the material underneath.

Internal Vs. External Wall Materials

Walls can be classified as either internal or external, each with distinct materials and purposes.

Internal walls focus on privacy and room separation, often using materials like drywall or plaster. On the other hand, external walls need to withstand weather and provide structural strength, often built with brick, stone, or concrete.

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Factors To Consider In Selecting Wall Materials

When choosing materials for walls, you need to think about various factors such as durability, cost, and how it looks. These are crucial whether you're focusing on exterior or interior walls.

Considerations For Exterior Walls

• Durability: One of the main considerations for exterior walls is durability. Materials like concrete, brick, and stone offer high strength and can withstand harsh weather conditions.
• Appearance: A natural look is often preferred for exterior walls. Brick and stone provide a timeless aesthetic, while vinyl or fiber cement siding can mimic these materials at a lower cost.
• Cost: Budget is another key factor. Materials like vinyl siding are cost-effective options compared to natural stone, which can be more expensive.
• Energy Efficiency: Materials that offer insulation properties can reduce energy costs. Insulated vinyl or stucco can help keep your home warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
• Maintenance: Some materials require less maintenance. For example, vinyl siding is low-maintenance, while wood siding may need regular painting or sealing.
• Professional Help: Certain materials may need expert installation. Brick and stone usually require skilled labor, increasing the overall cost.

Considerations For Interior Walls

• Strength and Durability: For interior walls, strength is important but not as critical as for exterior walls. Drywall is commonly used because it's lightweight and easy to install, though it may not be the most durable option for high-traffic areas.
• Appearance and Aesthetics: The interior walls largely affect the home's look. Gypsum boards and plaster offer a smooth finish, allowing for various painting and decorating options.
• Cost: The cost of interior wall materials like drywall is usually affordable. If you opt for higher-end materials, such as wood paneling, costs can rise.
• Privacy: Thicker walls or specific materials can offer better sound insulation for privacy. Drywall combined with soundproof insulation can help achieve this.
• Electrical and Plumbing: Interior wall materials should allow easy access for wiring and pipes. Drywall and plaster are practical choices as they can easily accommodate electrical and plumbing fittings.
• Renovation: If you plan on updating or renovating, ease of installation and removal matters. Drywall is often chosen because it's easy to cut and repair.

Each of these factors plays a crucial role in ensuring the practicality, aesthetic value, and functionality of your walls.

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What Are Walls Made Of Frequently Asked Questions

Learn about the different materials used for building walls, how to identify what your walls are made of, and common construction practices in American homes.

What materials are typically used for interior walls in homes?

Interior walls in homes are often made of drywall. Drywall is also known as gypsum board or plasterboard. Some older homes may have walls made of plaster, which is harder and more durable but also more expensive.

How do I determine if my home has plaster or drywall walls?

To check if your walls are made of plaster or drywall, gently tap on the surface. Plaster walls feel solid and hard. Drywall sounds less dense and may flex slightly. Also, plaster is often applied in three coats over wood or metal lath.

What is the standard construction material for residential walls?

The standard construction material for residential walls is drywall. Drywall is popular because it is cost-effective, easy to install, and creates a smooth, paintable surface. Plaster is another option but is usually found in older or high-end homes.

What are some common types of wood used in constructing walls?

Common types of wood used in wall construction include pine, fir, and spruce. These woods are typically used for framing and are chosen for their strength and availability. Studs, which are vertical wooden boards, are essential components in wall framing.

How are walls in modern American homes built?

Walls in modern American homes are usually built using wooden studs or metal frames. Drywall is then attached to these frames to form the interior walls. Insulation may also be added between the studs for temperature control and soundproofing.

What types of walls are used in different styles of painting and art?

Different wall types can affect how paintings and art are displayed. Drywall is preferred for most painting styles because of its smooth, even surface. For murals or large-scale art, plaster walls may be better suited due to their durability and ability to hold more weight if the art requires additional fixtures.

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